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LESSON 02 OF 16
Animal Cell — Organelles & Functions
Animal Cell Organelles
Every organelle has a specific function. Master these for MDCAT — organelles are tested constantly.
Organelles
Structure & Function, One by One
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Nucleus
DNA storage, controls the cell. Double membrane, nuclear pores, nucleolus.
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Mitochondria
ATP production. Double membrane, inner cristae, own DNA (endosymbiosis theory).
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Ribosomes
Protein synthesis. 80S in eukaryotes (60S+40S), 70S in prokaryotes (50S+30S).
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Golgi Apparatus
Packaging & shipping proteins — the "post office of the cell."
- RER (rough ER): protein processing, ribosomes on its surface
- SER (smooth ER): lipid synthesis and detoxification
- Lysosomes: digest waste using hydrolytic enzymes — lysosomal storage diseases are a favourite MDCAT topic
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Mnemonic: "Mighty Men Really Love Giving Loyal Service"
Mitochondria (energy), Membrane, Ribosomes (protein synthesis), Lysosomes (digestion), Golgi (packaging), Lysosome (waste breakdown), SER/RER (synthesis/processing).