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The capstone

Build Your Own
Business Intelligence System

Everything up to this point gave you a dataset and told you what to do with it. This one gives you neither. You find the data, define the problem, and take it all the way through to a presented recommendation — which is exactly what the job is.

DATACLEANMODELCALCULATEANALYZEVISUALIZEEXPLAINPRESENT
Why this is different from the five projects
Module 10 gave you a brief. Real work does not come with a brief — it comes with a vague complaint and a spreadsheet. The hardest and most valuable part of this capstone is the first phase: choosing data and defining a question worth answering. Do not rush it. If you spend a third of your total time on phase one, you have probably allocated it correctly.
1

Choose your data and define the problem

Do not use a course dataset. Find your own — a public dataset, your own workplace data with permission, or an open government release. The choice is part of the assessment: a dataset with a real question behind it is worth more than a large one.

  • The dataset is not one supplied by this course
  • You can state, in one sentence, the decision your report will inform
  • You have named a specific person or role who would use it
  • The data is genuinely messy enough to require cleaning — if it is already perfect, it is not testing the skill
  • You have the right to use and publish findings from it
2

Clean it, and document what you did

Every transformation is a decision, and every decision needs a reason. Keep a cleaning log as you go — reconstructing it afterwards is far harder and always less honest.

  • Applied Steps are renamed to describe intent, not the default action name
  • Every row you removed is justified in writing
  • Nulls are handled deliberately, with the reasoning stated
  • Data types are set explicitly, with locale considered where it matters
  • You can state the row count before and after cleaning, and account for the difference
3

Model it as a star schema

Fact tables and dimension tables, properly related. If your model is one flat table, it will not pass — this is the single clearest signal of whether someone understood Module 4.

  • At least one fact table and two dimension tables
  • A proper date table, marked as a date table
  • All relationships one-to-many, single direction unless you can justify otherwise
  • No bidirectional filtering you cannot explain
  • Columns not needed for analysis or display are removed
  • A screenshot of Model view is saved for the case study
4

Calculate the measures the question needs

Not every measure you can write — the ones that answer the question. A model with eight well-chosen, correctly-defined measures beats one with forty.

  • Every KPI has a written definition in plain English
  • Measures use DIVIDE, not the division operator, wherever a zero denominator is possible
  • At least one time intelligence measure that works correctly
  • Every base measure validated against the source data independently
  • Measures are organised in a display folder or a dedicated measures table
5

Analyse — actually look at what the data says

This is the phase most people skip. Build exploratory visuals, follow what surprises you, and be willing to find that your original hypothesis was wrong.

  • You investigated at least one thing that surprised you
  • You checked whether an apparent pattern survives segmentation
  • You can name one finding you did not expect at the start
  • You identified at least one thing the data cannot tell you
6

Visualise it so someone else can read it

Apply Modules 7, 8 and 9. The test is whether someone who has never seen the data can read your main page and correctly state the headline finding within thirty seconds.

  • Chart types chosen by the question, not by variety
  • A clear visual hierarchy — the most important thing is unmistakably the most prominent
  • No misleading axes, no unnecessary dual axes, no 3D anything
  • Interactions are deliberate — you have used Edit interactions where needed
  • It works at the size it will actually be viewed at
  • Accessible colour contrast, and alt text on non-decorative visuals
7

Explain it in writing

The dashboard is half the deliverable. The case study is the half that gets read by recruiters, and the half that proves you understood what you built.

  • A written case study covering problem, data, cleaning, model, findings and limitations
  • The model diagram is included as an image
  • KPI definitions are listed
  • You state explicitly what the analysis cannot support
  • It is readable by someone non-technical
8

Present it

Record yourself walking through it in five minutes, or present it to someone. This is the part that transfers directly to an interview, where you will be asked to do exactly this.

  • You can explain your modelling decisions without notes
  • You can explain any measure you wrote
  • You can answer "why did you choose that chart?" for every visual
  • You can state one thing you would do differently with more time
  • The whole walkthrough fits in five minutes

How to assess your own work

Score yourself honestly against the same rubric used for the five business projects. If you cannot justify a score to someone else, it is too high.

Data Cleaning15%
Data Model20%
DAX20%
Visualization15%
Dashboard UX15%
Business Insights15%
The most common way this goes wrong
People pick a dataset that is already clean, already modelled and already analysed a hundred times — a well-known sample file, or a competition dataset with a thousand published notebooks. The result looks fine and demonstrates nothing, because every hard decision was made for you. Pick something a bit awkward. A messy CSV from a local authority website is worth ten times more than a polished sample, precisely because you will have to make judgement calls and defend them.
Where to find your own data
Government open-data portals (most countries have one), your local authority's published spending or planning data, sports statistics, public transport performance data, your own exported bank or fitness data, or anything your workplace will let you use with permission. The test is simple: does someone actually care about the answer? If yes, it is a good dataset.
← Back to the five projects How to write the case study — coming soon