🧬 Genetics

Chapter: Biology · Level ★★★ · Time: 25 min

SCORE___ / 20

NameClassDate

After this worksheet you can

State the central dogmaExplain transcription & translationClassify mutation typesDiscuss sickle cell disease

📚 Quick Recap

🎯 What you'll practice: The central dogma, transcription/translation mechanics, mutation types, and the sickle cell case study.

🧮 Section B · Problem Solving ● INTERMEDIATE 2 + 3×3 = 11

5mRNA contains instead of thymine.

6 carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

7Name all three stop codons.

8What base substitution causes sickle cell disease, and which amino acid change results?

9Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation.

🚀 Section C · Challenge ● CHALLENGE 5

10Sickle cell trait (heterozygous) persists at high frequency in malaria-endemic regions despite being harmful when homozygous. Explain why, using the concept of heterozygote advantage.

💭 Reflection — the most useful thing I learned:

A ___/4 B ___/11 C ___/5 Total ___/20 Teacher's Signature Parent's Signature

✂ answer key — fold or cut before handing out

1-B 2-B 3-C 4-B | 5 = uracil 6 = tRNA 7 = UAA, UAG, UGA 8 = GAG→GTG substitution changes glutamic acid to valine in beta-globin 9 = A point mutation changes only one base and affects at most one amino acid; a frameshift mutation inserts or deletes a base, shifting the reading frame so every codon after it is misread | 10 = Heterozygous carriers (one sickle allele, one normal allele) make enough normal haemoglobin to avoid severe sickling symptoms, but the sickled cells they do have make it harder for the malaria parasite to complete its life cycle inside red blood cells — so carriers survive malaria better than either homozygous genotype, keeping the allele common despite being dangerous when inherited from both parents.

📄 Need offline practice?Print this worksheet or open the one-page cheat sheet.

🗒 Cheat Sheet

🧠 Section A · Concept Check ● BEGINNER 4 × 1 = 4

🧮 Section B · Problem Solving ● INTERMEDIATE 2 + 3×3 = 11

🚀 Section C · Challenge ● CHALLENGE 5