Aggregate functions collapse rows into summary values. They are the engine behind every dashboard, report, and analytics query. COUNT tells you how many. SUM adds them up. GROUP BY splits the data into buckets before aggregating. HAVING then filters those buckets. These four concepts combined can answer almost any business question.
1-A 2-B 3-A 4-B | 5 MAX 6 qty 7 = SELECT grade, COUNT(*) FROM students GROUP BY grade; 8 = SELECT customer_id, AVG(total) FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id; 9 = SELECT city, COUNT(*) FROM users GROUP BY city HAVING COUNT(*) > 100; | 10 = WHERE runs before aggregation - use HAVING for aggregates