01 Key Concepts
What Temperature Measures
The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance -- higher temperature means faster-moving particles on average.
Common Temperature Scales
Celsius (°C, water freezes at 0, boils at 100), Fahrenheit (°F, water freezes at 32, boils at 212), and Kelvin (K, the absolute scale, starting at absolute zero).
Absolute Zero
0 Kelvin (-273.15°C), the theoretical temperature at which particle motion is at its minimum possible energy -- it can never actually be fully reached.
Converting Between Scales
K = °C + 273.15. °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32. °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9.
Thermal Equilibrium
The state reached when two objects in contact stop exchanging net heat because they've reached the same temperature.
02 Key Formulas
- K = °C + 273.15
- °F = (°C * 9/5) + 32
- °C = (°F - 32) * 5/9
03 Solved Examples
Example 1 Convert 25°C to Kelvin.
- Apply K = °C + 273.15.
- 25 + 273.15.
Answer: 298.15 K
Example 2 Convert 100°C to Fahrenheit.
- Apply °F = (°C*9/5)+32.
- (100*9/5)+32 = 180+32.
Answer: 212°F
Example 3 Convert 68°F to Celsius.
- Apply °C = (°F-32)*5/9.
- (68-32)*5/9 = 36*5/9.
Answer: 20°C
04 Practice Questions
1Convert 0°C to Kelvin.
273.15 K
2Convert 37°C (body temp) to Fahrenheit.
98.6°F
3Convert 32°F to Celsius.
0°C
4What is absolute zero in Celsius?
-273.15°C
5What happens between two objects at thermal equilibrium?
No net heat exchange occurs
📄 Temperature — Downloadable Worksheet
10 questions with a full answer key. Grab the PDF to print, or try the interactive version in your browser.