A function is a special type of relation where every input maps to exactly one output — one of the most fundamental building blocks across all of mathematics.
1-A 2-A 3-A 4-B | 5 g 6 injective 7 = f(g(4)) = f(12) = 10 8 = g(f(4)) = g(2) = 6 9 = Yes | 10 = No, f(1) = f(−1) = 2