Key Ideas
1Band scale. 9 Expert, 8 Very good, 7 Good (university target), 6.5 Competent.
2Overall band. Average of the four module scores, rounded to nearest 0.5.
3University bands. Oxbridge/Ivy League 7.5–8.0; Russell Group/Australia 6.5–7.0.
4Writing & Speaking are marked on four criteria, 25% each — not on correct answers.
5Balance matters. No single criterion can be over-polished to compensate for a weak one.